Architectural Design IV

Organising several related spaces over more than one level at small scale, small span — spatial organisation (Ching's five), zoning and served vs servant space, horizontal circulation and simple vertical movement (stairs, ramps, a small lift).

The stage-wise design process and 'problem seeking' before problem solving — Peña's five-step framework and the four considerations; data collection, case and literature studies, the bubble diagram, the adjacency matrix and the space programme.

Barrier-free and universal design for physically handicapped and elderly persons — the RPwD Act 2016, the Harmonised Guidelines 2021 and NBC 2016; the seven principles of universal design; ramps, doors, accessible toilets, tactile paving, parking and lifts; tested with scaled models.

Typology programming for small institutional and public buildings — banks, nursery/primary/secondary schools, the primary health centre, the neighbourhood market, the municipal office, the cafeteria/restaurant and the gated community — their key spaces, special requirements and planning logic.

Communicating the design — scaled physical models (study vs presentation, scales and materials), the drawing set and diagrams, perspective and walkthroughs, and digital/AI rendering (cross-linking Computer Studio II).