Interior Graphics I

The drawing office and its discipline — the board, T-square and mini-drafter, set-squares, compass and the grades of pencil; constructing lines against references, never by eye. Single-stroke upright Gothic lettering between guidelines, with the standard height series. Sheet layout — the ISO A-series sizes, the border and binding margin, and the title block with its projection symbol. The line conventions — the coded grammar of visible, hidden, centre, dimension, cutting-plane and break lines and their weight ratio. Geometric constructions with compass and set-square (bisections, polygons, tangents/fillets).

Representing a 3-D object by 2-D views — parallel projectors at 90° giving true-shape plan, elevation and side views on the HP/VP reference planes. The key convention: first-angle (India / ISO) versus third-angle (US), the truncated-cone symbol that declares which, and why the two are not interchangeable. Choosing the minimum set of views; hidden lines; and section views — the cutting plane, direction arrows, and 45° hatching that means 'material cut here'. Scale, and that dimensions always state true size.

The single view that shows three faces at once while staying constructed and (mostly) measurable. Isometric — axes at 120°, equal foreshortening, the isometric scale (×0.816) versus isometric drawing, and circles as ellipses. The axonometric family (isometric, dimetric, trimetric, and the interiors-favourite planometric built from a true plan). Oblique — cavalier (full depth) versus cabinet (half depth). And the essential distinction from perspective: pictorials use parallel projectors and stay measurable; perspective converges to vanishing points and does not.

Recording an existing object or space by actually measuring it and re-drawing it to a stated scale — the reverse of design drawing. Field technique: tape and laser measure, a proportionate field sketch, running (cumulative) dimensions from a single datum to avoid additive error, closing the overall dimension, and measuring diagonals for out-of-square. From field data to a scaled orthographic set plus a pictorial, dimensioned with true sizes and a scale bar. The standard detail scales (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20) and the classic exercises — a chair, a door, a staircase (rise and going), a handrail, a column.

The conventional freehand graphic vocabulary that makes a drawing legible and inhabited — NOT the fine-art sketching of the Visual Arts course. Basic freehand forms and line-based tone (hatching, cross-hatching, stippling) to indicate texture and shade as convention. Outdoor entourage in plan and elevation — grass, shrubs, deciduous versus coniferous trees at true canopy spread, water ripples, and scaled people. Indoor conventions — the door swing arc, window glazing lines, and furniture symbols in plan — all drawn freehand but proportioned to the drawing's scale.